The JEC World composites exhibition in Paris shows that the industry is dominated by carbon fiber products, such as those used in aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods. However, carbon fibers only make up 2% of global composite production, with 95% being glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs). The GFRPs are used in industrial pipes and tanks, construction, and insulation, among other applications. Carbon fibers are preferred for their higher strength-to-weight ratio, stiffness, and thermal resistance, but they are more expensive to produce, with prices starting at $50 per kilogram, compared to $2-3 per kilogram for GFRPs.
The industry is shifting towards the use of thermoplastic GFRPs, which can be recycled, reducing waste and promoting sustainability. Several companies, such as Exel Composites and Acciona, are developing recycling processes, including turning waste GFRPs into cement or producing recycled fibers for use in new products, such as surfboards. The Zebra project, which recycles thermoplastic GFRP wind blades, was awarded the JEC World Innovation Award. European production of GFRPs and thermoplastic GFRPs has declined in 2024, but the use of thermoplastic GFRPs is increasing, particularly in the transport and electrical/electronic sectors.