Determining the presence of life on other planets is crucial in the search for extraterrestrial life. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), bioplastic polymers produced by microorganisms, are strong candidates for detecting extraterrestrial life. PHAs are water-insoluble, UV-resistant, and have high melting points, making them easily distinguishable from non-biological matter. Their widespread presence on Earth and resistance to extreme environments make them ideal for astrobiological detection.
To detect PHAs, laboratories use various methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and immunoassay analysis. The article outlines a path forward to integrate PHA detection into astrobiology missions to aid in the search for extraterrestrial life. PHAs can be analyzed to distinguish them from non-biological matter, making them a reliable biosignature for astrobiological detection. With the potential to detect life on other planets, PHAs have the potential to revolutionize the search for extraterrestrial life.