My presentation at the “International Symposium for Agricultural Biomedical Research Network”, 9th January 2025, Chiang Mai …
okay so the next speaker of this session is going to be Dr India Marin okay so for this or presentation okay for this talk is all presentation so all presenter we have 20 minutes for this other presentation so you have 15 minutes for your presentation and 5 minutes for question and answer okay then stop me when I’m going too long so usually usually I don’t need a microphone I think everyone can hear my voice right [Music] so I’m a mechanical engineer which is strange because I work in biom materials but I’m started as a mechanical engineer I work on titanium Alloys I work on Coatings I work on ceramics I’m working a lot on 3D printing and scuffles and things like that and my personal hobby is to study about archaeological biomaterials so ancient biomaterials findings in history and this is what I’m going to talk to you today trying to connect a little bit to what nura andai said this morning in the plenary Le also because I honestly didn’t know a lot of things that I’m going to show to you today but let’s start from the beginning what is a biomaterial what is a biomaterial changed a lot during time and we started by thinking that is the point right that is something that you put inside the human body doesn’t do anything anything like that doesn’t react but helps in supporting or change like an artificial bone or something like that right then we started to say that it can be a substance other than a drug so we started to think oh maybe it can have some beneficial effect at the beginning we thought shouldn’t have any biological then we thought yes it can also have biological ethics and more recently finally we decided that biomaterials are biomaterials only if they improve the quality of life of the individual so if you point put one piece of nickel inside the human body that’s not a biom material because in the end it will poison the person the quality of life will go down there’s no way to avoid this but even when we call something a biomaterial it’s not always a biomaterial this is a very nice titanium 6 aluminum 4 vadium alloy Best of the Best of this category and the two samples are just the same same alloy same application after 3 years of application Ino you can see some oxidation here after 2 years what happened no one knows there’s still so much we don’t know about biom materials and about what sometimes happens to biomaterials but let’s go back in time what is the oldest biomaterials we ever found it’s this piece of tar so basically wood resin cover by a by a tiny layer of gold that you can still see there that we found in Iran and it’s dated by back basically 5,000 years ago and we can call it a biom material because it was inside the I soet touching the mucose system here so it has around here it has some traces of organic material from the owner which was a lady a priest and this is a very interesting story because she was also not from this region she was as tall as me while the average size size of the people in that region at the time was like this so she was a really tall standing H women and it’s interesting but but this is even more interesting 4,000 years ago ago in the ancient Peru we have this kind of gold plates implanted in human skulls and this guy survived it’s amazing they didn’t have any idea of bacterial infections how to treat a wound etc etc they didn’t even have the proper tools but this guy had his gold plate here and survived the you think oh one that’s a one in one billion chance no we have hundreds of school of schools with similar plates around that time okay and amazing well it gets better this this piece here that you barely see is a piece of nut so basically wood put inside a human scull and also this guy survived which is even more amazing if you think that wood is an a live material so inside that piece of wood there’s a lot of things there’s bacteria there’s substances that can leak out there’s parasites there can be anything and these guys survived with a nut for brain no okay not for brain but for scull was more fragant but okay good sound is a little strange but if we move a little farther away in time and we go to Egypt and we look at the first book of of medicine that was ever written the oldest that we know of we find that sutures made of fibers natural fibers like FL flat sorry or cotton where used to close super wounds so the chemical composition of good and natural fibs is not so far away and we still use these kind of things nowadays so yeah it makes sense W is more complicated but they are similar then what about this I don’t even know if I can spot them but there are three pieces of sea shell implanted in the bone of this guy here one two and three and they are completely fused with the natural B so this means that the calcium carbonate of this shell was mistaken for Bor by the ostop and he started a bone regeneration project program program process that fused together pieces of shell sea shell and human bone and shell is even more dangerous than bone because you know how many parasites and things can be found inside of these things and clearly also this guy survive so much better chances that we thought okay let’s move a little bit to this region of the world and in the Indian physician I don’t know how to pronounce the name I’m sorry sash was the first one to report of a skin graft so a piece of skin from the cheek was used to repair a nose 2,500 more than 2,500 years ago if you think about the chances to do it now without a a sterile environment without the modern tools Etc this is incredible also you need to keep the wound clean for a long time in order to do this procedure 2500 another another big leaping time to go to my country Italy and here we have the Tran Dental prostetic about 2,500 years ago they were able to substitute human teeth with Ivory or animal teeth using gold bands to keep everything together and these things were so good that people from all around the Mediterranean Sea went to aturia that part of Italy to get this special implant it was like a jewel unluckily atan had theit to remove in women because it was a sign of beauty for them wow there always a bad sign let’s go back to India and I don’t know if you ever saw these ones these are suture points made with ANS so the bite of some specific hand is strong enough that to close a a wound and it works as a suture point and this is one case after India we had the same technology in Africa and in South America developed by people who never met each other just the idea to having the bite of a ant to close a w another big jumping time and we go to galeno or gal which was for pergamon that now is in turkey and he was the gladiator doctor he used to fix the ligaments of the Gladiators us using cotton and natural fibers well it work 20% of the time I guess but but it’s still better than not being able to move your arm again to avoid paralysis another jump and we go to dental amalgams I really thought that Dental amalgams were a new thing but a formulation which is very very close to the to the formulation used story used in the 18th century was developed in China 1, 500 years ago more or less as material to repair damag te so same use one time 1, almost 1,500 years ago nothing new another jump you will you might know this guy is aen he used to do any kind of science mathematics physics medicine anything basically it was a genius it was the first one to understand the natural fibers and things like like this can be destroyed by the immunity immunity immunitary system when there is an infection so when there is an infection the the combination of bacteria and immune reaction can destroy Su points and things like this it was the first one to notice and W 1,000 years ago Japanese Dental Prosthetics George Washington Dental Prosthetics made of Lee that we know it’s toxic but it didn’t really matter because what is the expect expected time life expected life two to 300 years ago compared to now I mean in Europe we use lead pipes until last century so still poisoning just pan Ceramics and platinum and so on until we had Jo Joseph liser finally telling us how to sterilize things you probably know this guy he a silicone implant P implant and so on so basically two things when it’s something that we put in the body and we want to stay there to Forever Without reacting to anything like titanium we are very good to develop that kind of things like ceramics that you put there and you don’t need to worry about but when we want to copy how the human body works we still nowadays go and look back and use similar methods that we used hundreds of thousands of years ago the seashells for example we still use Coral as bone we then we just cook the coral to make calcium carbonate and we use it as a synthetic bone so yeah we we went really far especially with with pharmaceutical science in biomaterials we are so close to when we started and thanks for the time sorry for going long okay thank you very much for your talk next is going to be question and answer session so we have a l five minut for this session so if anybody so if anybody has a questions please raise your hand and we give you the microphone all right this like learning a lot no from your talk that actually the biom material has been using for a long long time actually we really know that already that the B material is very important to replace the material that we cannot find you know like Teeth the real teeth one is go go away never come back so we have to have something to replace to make it like more beautiful but the most important thing is when we are working on B material uh I just want you to com in on that is the bio compatible actually one word you already have pressed in your slide um to could could you comment on what we are what we are what we should expecting on the bio compatable of the biom material if we are looking at that bi material in the near future or in in very future you know right now artificial like you know maybe maybe some of you are come from Korea you know that one person going to Korea one face coming back with another face so those are all B materum making them uh differently so but anyway you know coming back with the beautiful face but the most important thing is should be comp compatible for lot long long time until they are going to De right so please I’ll comment on that my comment on that is that there is no biocompatibility I mean it’s only works for a time it will always be time dependent it will always be person dependent it will always be location dependent it will always be surgeon dependent so with so many variables something is not forever biocompatible if you you need to hope that it’s competible long enough for you that’s that’s my take on this story not many people like my position but I think that biocompatibility has so many questions so many conditions and about the teed you know you know the Battle of waterl when Napoleon bonapar had fought so basically there were so many people that at that time that they collected the teeth from the dead dead people and they sold them and they implanted the dead people teeth back in the mouth of people who needed new teeth and you can search it online it’s called waterl Ste water waterl is the place where that battle occur yeah so yeah there’s no bi in my my eyes if you think of as as a property of material biocompatibility is not a property of material it’s a proper your system and only for a specific time okay thank you okay any question if you want I have one 100 more SL slides after this one and I’m not Jing I mean I can go on forever okay enough for today okay thank you very much right um good afternoon everyone so my name is s
